The Industrial Revolution marked a period of development in the latter half of the 18th century  that transformed largely rural, agrarian societies in Europe and America into industrialized.

The industrial revolution was transition to new manufacturing process from about 1760 AD to 1870 AD . It brought some redical changes to the world.

  • The transition included: going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production, the increasing use of steam power, The development of machine tools and rise of the factory system.
  • It's begans in England and latter spread in France, Netherlands Germany, hungery and other nations.
Factor leading to industrial Revolution in England: 

  1. Agriculture surplus in England due to new technique in farming.
  2. The long coastline-No region is far away from sea port.This facilitate procurement of raw material.
  3. Semi- skilled worker easily available.
  4. Abundance of call and iron- England was initial pioneer in these fields.
  5. Scientific invention were facilitated and promoted.
  6. The administrative and military expenditure was lower ther monarchy of europe at that time.
  7. Low population- High labour cost.
  8. Bank and Banking system.
Invention that Spurred sustained the Revolution:
Textiles industry was first to be affected by industrial Revolution.it was completely mechanized by 1830s.
  • Steam Engine: James Newcomen 1705s
  • jamesWatt's Steam engine(1769): Heat Energy into Mechanical Energy
  • john Kay's Flying Shuttle': Weaving Industry
  • 'Spinning Jenny': Enabling the spinning of 100s of yarns together
  • The power loom
Impact of industrial Revolution:
Positive:
  1. Factory system
  2. Means of communication & Transportation
  3. Urbanization~ Public transport, Clean Water & sewerage system
  4. Roads, Bridges, Railway track & Canals
  5. No more hunger & Famine.
Negative 
  1. Capitalism~ Philosophy of profit maximization, Resources of Production owned & Control by few
  2. Traditional Weaver & worker were weiped out by machine
  3. Child labour flourished because it was cheaper to employ children and women also.
  4. Long working hours, No protective gear, not good living condition
  5. More demand for colonial expansion
  6. Population increase~ Europe population 140 million in 1750 & 463 million in 1914.
The phrase of industrial Revolution:
1st phase:~ 1760 to 1850
The mechanization of textile industries,mining & metallurgy steam engine and it's application in transportation.
2nd phase:~ late 19th century
Scientific inventions take center stage, chemical and steels.USA & Germany lead this phase.
3rd phase:~ late 20th century- ongoing
Communication technology, internet,Energy, Technology in Robotics & Digitalization of manufacturing- 3D Printing.

This Revolution divides the world into capitalism & communism.this period is also known as the birth of communism.